Patterns of Enhancement in Cardiac MRI

Patterns of Enhancement in Cardiac MRI

• 1.       Delayed subendocardial enhancement :

a.       Myocardial Infarction ( in a coronary artery distribution).

b.       Eosinophilic Endocarditis

• 2.       Middle myocardial enhancement  : Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

• 3.       Diffuse myocardial enhancement with mural thickening : Cardiac Amyloidosis.

• 4.       Epicardial enhancement : Myocarditis

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FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION : 7

Axial CT Petrous Bone : Bone Window

FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION 7 : Name the labelled structure ? 

FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION : 6

Sagittal T1 Weighted MRI Brain

Name the labelled structure ?

FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION : 5

AXIAL CT Section - Skull Base

Question 5 : Name the labelled ?

FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION : 4

Sagittal  T1 Weighted MRI

FRCR Anatomy Practice Question 4 : Name the structure labelled ?

FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION : 3

Sagittal T1 Weighted MRI Brain

Question 3 : Name the labelled structure ?

FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION : 2

AXIAL post contrast CT

 

Q2 : Name the labelled Structure ?

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule : Probability being Malignant

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule : Probability being Malignant : in decreasing order (Ss)

Spiculated margins
Size >3cm (defnitionwise this would be a 'mass' !!)
Seventy or more (>70yrs)
Speedy growth rate (Rapid doubling time)
Smoker
Superior location (Upper Lobes)

FRCR 1 ANATOMY QUESTION : 1

Q1 : - Name one anatomical structure located in the marked location. Can you also spot the main finding of this X-Ray?

AIR CRESCENT SIGN

Causes of AIR CRESCENT SIGN

    1. Aspergilloma -(Most Common).
    2. Angioinvasive.A.
    3. Echinococcal cyst.
    4. TB.
    5. Rasmussen aneusrysm
    6. Lung abscess
    7. Bronchogenic Ca.
    8. Hematoma.
    9. PCP.

Saprophytic aspergillosis (Aspergilloma) is commonly associated with thickening of the wall of the cavity and adjacent pleura (due to hypersensitivity reaction). The pleural thickening may be the earliest 'radiographic' sign before any visible changes in the cavity.

The 5 forms of PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS include:

1. SAPROPHYTIC

2. Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) / Hypersensitivity reaction.
- Long standing bronchial   asthma;
- Finger-in-Glove appearance,
- Segmental and Subsegmental bronchi of upper lobes
- fungal hyphal impaction of affected bronchi with distal mucoid impaction with 30% showing hyperdensity /   frank calcification in CT.

3. SEMI-INVASIVE / Nectrotizing Aspergillosis.
4. AIRWAY INVASIVE.
5. ANGIOINVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS.

Ref : RG article, 2001.